Compostelan Cross
A Compostelan Cross is also referred to as a Scallop Shell Cross, which is made from ... errr... scallop shells.
But what's a 'Compostelan'?
Compostelan Cross
also called Scallop Shell Cross
Compostelan Cross
The Scallop Shell Cross is formed by several ... yes, you've guessed ... scallop shells.
Scallop
Pecten shells are such useful items. They start life as homes to sea molluscs, and when their host dies, they lie provocatively on the sand waiting for some beach-comber to come along and say "Wow!" Then they are taken home to be used as ashtrays or soap dishes for a couple of years before they are thrown out with the household rubbish. Some fare better and become picture frames, lamps, jewelry, or musical instruments. And some are used to make a cross.
We shouldn't write-off such handicrafts as tacky ornaments - over 100 years ago, boxes covered in oriental shells were such a popular import item for a Victorian shipping company, that they named their company "Shell". Since then, the company has grown to be one of the most successful energy and petrochemical companies in the world.
Shell Group logo
Another reason the company decided on the pecten shell for its logo was because the family of an early financier, Mr. Graham, had a coat of arms that included such an emblem. Mr. Graham's ancestors had pilgrimaged to Santiago de Compostela, the tomb of St. James, and since the Middle Ages countless European pilgrims have visited this tomb. (See also St. James' Cross)
Pilgrims would pick up a scallop shell from Galicia as a sort of souvenir of their journey and evidence that they had visited the shrine of St. James. Pilgrimages to other sites had similar customs of bringing back souvenirs which were more than just mementos; they would wear them as a cap badge as a 'passport' to show bandits and local authorities they were passing in peace and meant no harm. The shell could also be used as a scoop or spoon for the pilgrim to feed himself modestly at an abbey where he might stop for sustenance. The shell would be a sign to potential hosts that the pilgrim did not beg for much food.
"A bolle and a bagge
He bar by his syde
And hundred ampulles
On his hat seten
Signes of Synay,
And Shelles of Galice,
And many a conche
On his cloke,
And keys of Rome,
And the Vernycle before
For men sholde knowe
And se bi hise signes
Whom he sought hadde"
(Piers Plowman)
The shell has also become a baptism symbol. It has been found in artwork discovered in ancient Christian catacombs and also in Renaissance art. Often John is depicted baptising Jesus by pouring water from a scallop shell1.
A gold shell symbol has been incorporated into the papal coat of arms of Benedict XVI and there are three reasons for this:
Papal arms
- A pilgrim's badge. Benedict wishes to follow the path trod by his predecessor, John Paul II, in spreading the Gospel around the world. Also, Benedict is connected with the Monastery of Schotten, Bavaria, which has pilgrim's shell within its coat of arms.
- A baptism implement. Although ideas about Limbo have changed, Benedict still strongly believes in the importance of baptism.
- A legend. Benedict wrote his doctoral thesis on a legend attributed to St. Augustine. The story goes that Augustine, walking along the beach, met a child who was using a scallop shell to scoop up the sea into a hole in the sand. This revealed to Augustine the futility of trying to encompass the infinity of God within the confines of the limited human mind.
Finally, here's a little humorous story of another guy walking on the beach, picking up sea shells. And here's one more.
1 : Matthew 3:13-17, Mark 1:4-11, Luke 3:15-17, 21-22, John 1:29-34
